Torque:
Torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate. The object rotates about an axis, which we will call the pivot point, and will label 'O'. We will call the force 'F'. The distance from the pivot point to the point where the force acts is called the moment arm, and is denoted by 'r'. Note that this distance, 'r', is also a vector, and points from the axis of rotation to the point where the force acts.
Torque = r . F , The angle of force ‘F’ is perpendicular to the moment arm ‘r’ .
Example: Imagine pushing a door to open it. The force of your push (F) causes the door to rotate about its hinges (the pivot point, O). How hard you need to push depends on the distance you are from the hinges (r) (and several other things, but let's ignore them now). The closer you are to the hinges (i.e. the smaller r is), the harder it is to push. This is what happens when you try to push open a door on the wrong side. The torque you created on the door is smaller than it would have been had you pushed the correct side (away from its hinges).
Torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an object causes that object to rotate. The object rotates about an axis, which we will call the pivot point, and will label 'O'. We will call the force 'F'. The distance from the pivot point to the point where the force acts is called the moment arm, and is denoted by 'r'. Note that this distance, 'r', is also a vector, and points from the axis of rotation to the point where the force acts.
Torque = r . F , The angle of force ‘F’ is perpendicular to the moment arm ‘r’ .
Example: Imagine pushing a door to open it. The force of your push (F) causes the door to rotate about its hinges (the pivot point, O). How hard you need to push depends on the distance you are from the hinges (r) (and several other things, but let's ignore them now). The closer you are to the hinges (i.e. the smaller r is), the harder it is to push. This is what happens when you try to push open a door on the wrong side. The torque you created on the door is smaller than it would have been had you pushed the correct side (away from its hinges).
Battery:
In electronics, a battery or voltaic cell is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells which store chemica energy. These cells create a voltage difference between the terminals of the battery. When an external electrical circuit is connected to the battery, then the battery drives an electric current through the circuit and electrical work is done. A battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy.
Types
Lead-acid battery , Lithium-ion battery, Nickel metal hydride battery.
In electronics, a battery or voltaic cell is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells which store chemica energy. These cells create a voltage difference between the terminals of the battery. When an external electrical circuit is connected to the battery, then the battery drives an electric current through the circuit and electrical work is done. A battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy.
Types
Lead-acid battery , Lithium-ion battery, Nickel metal hydride battery.
Current and Voltage:
Voltage is the electric force that causes the free electrons to move from one atom to another.
Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge, measured in joules per coulomb. It is often referred to as "electric potential", which then must be distinguished from electric potential energy by noting that the "potential" is a "per-unit-charge" quantity.
Just like water needs pressure to force it through a hose, electrical current needs some force to make it flow. A volt is the measure of electric pressure. Voltage is usually supplied by a battery or a generator.
The scientific symbol for voltage is the letter "E" dating back to the early days of electricity when it was called "Electromotive Force." Electricians and wiring books use the letter "V", for Volts.
The rate of changing direction is called the frequency of the AC and it is measured in hertz (Hz) which is the number of forwards-backwards cycles per second. Mains electricity in the India has a frequency of 50Hz.
Voltage is the electric force that causes the free electrons to move from one atom to another.
Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge, measured in joules per coulomb. It is often referred to as "electric potential", which then must be distinguished from electric potential energy by noting that the "potential" is a "per-unit-charge" quantity.
Just like water needs pressure to force it through a hose, electrical current needs some force to make it flow. A volt is the measure of electric pressure. Voltage is usually supplied by a battery or a generator.
The scientific symbol for voltage is the letter "E" dating back to the early days of electricity when it was called "Electromotive Force." Electricians and wiring books use the letter "V", for Volts.
Alternating Current (AC):
Alternating Current (AC) flows one way, then the other way, continually reversing direction.
An AC voltage is continually changing between positive (+) and negative (-).
Alternating Current (AC) flows one way, then the other way, continually reversing direction.
An AC voltage is continually changing between positive (+) and negative (-).
Direct Current (DC):
Direct Current (DC) always flows in the same direction, but it may increase and decrease.
A DC voltage is always positive (or always negative), but it may increase and decrease.
Electronic circuits normally from a battery or regulated power supply,
Direct Current (DC) always flows in the same direction, but it may increase and decrease.
A DC voltage is always positive (or always negative), but it may increase and decrease.
Electronic circuits normally from a battery or regulated power supply,
require a steady DC supply which is constant at one value or a smooth DC supply which has a small variation called ripple.
this is ideal for electronic circuits.
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